Pietro & Gian Lorenzo Bernini Aeneas, Anchises and Ascanius (detail), 1619 Galleria Borghese |
Therefore, putting away falsehood, let every one speak the truth with his neighbor, for we are members one of another. (Ephesians 4:24)
Book IV of the Aeneid is probably the most read and the most remembered of the twelve books of this seminal work in Western civilization For it tells of the affair, the love-infatuation, between Aeneas, the man destined to found Rome, and Dido, the founder and queen of Carthage. How many thousands upon thousands of Latin students through centuries have translated these lines of great passion and betrayal and heroism? And what most of these students have learned from Book IV is about the terrible choice in life for a man: the choice between the comfort and genuine love within a relationship with a woman whose greatness is strongly delineated by Virgil, and the calling to be the hero that founds the Roman empire and Roman civilization. Aeneas dawdles in Carthage, becoming Dido’s consort. And this dalliance has a debilitating effect on both Dido and Aeneas. She forgets her calling to build Carthage as one of the great cities of that time and place. He forgets his calling to found Roman civilization from the ashes of Troy. And in a harrowing scene, Mercury is sent by Jupiter to remind Aeneas, in the most strong terms, of his destiny. And Aeneas, frightened to his core, sets sail from Carthage to do what he has to do. Aeneas regains his virilitas as a man, a virilitas that will enable him to achieve his destiny given to him by the gods.
Virilitas in Latin does not mean merely masculinity or manliness. It means the quality of the vir, of the man-hero. Both Vergil and his ultimate antagonist Turnus, are viri, are men-heroes, who are willing to sacrifice their lives for what they believe they are called to do and for what will give ultimate meaning to their lives through personal sacrifice. Lest anyone think that virilitas is a virtue that only men can show forth, I offer the great women saints like St. Monica, St. Birgitta and St. Catherine of Siena, whose virilitas was a mark of their sanctity. The greatest of all the saints, Mary, is the model of virilitas at the foot of the Cross. Virilitas has nothing to do with machismo, nothing to do with old boy networks, still less with disrespecting women. Virilitas encompasses courage and honor and a willingness to submit oneself to a calling to greatness based on truth, which involves a denial of self and a willingness to give oneself over to this calling. The ultimate and consummate vir is Jesus Christ.
I have written and spoken about many times about the lack of virilitas in the Catholic clergy, especially in priests and bishops. It is precisely this lack of virilitas that has made possible the moral turpitude of the clergy that has scandalized the whole world, specifically with respect to pedophilia but also with respect to the homosexual network within the Church that has allowed the cover-up of these crimes and the financial improprieties within the Vatican itself. But the current drama that is enfolding in the United States concerning the nomination of Brett Kavanaugh to the Supreme Court is also about the lack of virilitas in our society.