Roberto de
Mattei
Corrispondenza Romana
March 18, 2020
The most terrible figure of the calamitous 14th century was
perhaps Timur, a ferocious and implacable conqueror, called “The Terror of the
World”. He devastated Asia from Syria and Turkey, even reaching the borders of
China, from Moscow to Delhi. He came from a Turkish-Mongolian tribe in
Uzbekistan and proclaimed himself heir and continuer of Genghis Khan. He is
buried at Samarkand, the capital of his empire, on the Silk Road, the ancient
commercial route, connecting China to the Mediterranean.
The historian Paolo Giovio recounts in his Elogia virorum bellica virtute illustrium (Petri Pernae Typhographi, 1575, pp. 105-106) that Timur in the first days after
laying siege to a city, would display a white flag as a sign of pardon if
everyone would surrender voluntarily. Otherwise, in the ensuing days, his army
would have waved red flags, as a sign of death, not for all the city’s
inhabitants, but for the commanders and soldiers. Then, if the city was still obstinate in its
refusal to surrender, Timur gave orders to display the black flag, as a sign of
complete extermination, with no distinction between the guilty and the innocent,
then he would burn down the entire city.













